"The Mundell-Fleming model.
- (the IS curve)
- where is gros spending
- C is household spending
- I is firm spending
NX is net exports ( x-m)
x exports
m imports
(The LM Curve)
- where M is the nominal money supply,
- P is the price level,
- L is liquidity preference ( real money demand),
- i is the nominal interest rate. A higher interest rate or a lower income (GDP) level leads to lower money demand.
- .........
- (The BoP Curve (Balance of Payments))
- where BoP is the balance of payments surplus,
- is the current account surplus,
- KA is the capital account surplus.
- functional relationships:
-
- where I is corporate spending and Y − 1 is income in the previous period.
- Higher lagged income or a lower real interest rate leads to higher investment spending.
- G, government spending a control variable
- NX = NX(e,Y,Y * )
- e is the nominal forex rate (the price of domestic currency in terms of units of the foreign currency)
- Y * is the combined GDP of countries that are foreign trading partners.
- Higher domestic income (GDP) leads to more spending on imports and hence lower net exports; higher foreign income leads to higher spending by foreigners on the country's exports and thus higher net exports. A higher e (more expensive domestic currency in terms of foreign currency, and equivalently less expensive foreign currency in terms of domestic currency) leads to more purchasing of foreign goods due to the lesser cost of acquiring the foreign currency to pay for them, and also leads to less purchasing of the country's exports by foreigners since they find it more costly to acquire the country's currency with which to pay for them; for both reasons, higher e leads to lower net exports.
[edit] Balance of payments (BoP) components
- CA = NX
- where CA is the current account and NX is net exports. That is, the current account is viewed as consisting solely of imports and exports.
- KA = z(i − i * ) + k
- where i * is the foreign interest rate, k is the exogenous component of financial capital flows, z(.) is the interest-sensitive component of capital flows, and the derivative of the function z is the degree of capital mobility (the effect of differences between domestic and foreign interest rates upon capital flows KA). This derivative is positive if there is any capital mobility (since a higher relative domestic interest rate makes funds more prone to flow into the country), and it is infinitely positive if there is perfect capital mobility
two of which are income and the domestic interest rate.
Under flexible exchange rates the forex is an additional control variable
besides M and G
with fixed forex
e is a constant
BOP the balance of payments surplus is determined by the model
and G or M are the control variables
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the reality is
mundell is enough
for practical purposes
the computability fetish
the b uilt from agents up fetish
nonsense !!
kick it in
as john cougar sez
and see what numbers come up