Tuesday, May 1, 2012

marx needs better challengers and ...alas champions

"In a way bankers are Marx's dream, it's the workers getting the fruits of their labours. It's funny that the left is usually angry at shareholders, for taking money out of companies and thereby bringing down workers' salaries. Yet with the banks they want shareholders to press the banks to do exactly that, and curb pay."
some green eye shade type

" I ignored this sort of remark when Tim made it, thinking it to be a silly Oxford Union-type debating point. But since it looks like spreading, it needs correcting. Bankers' high pay is NOT a Marxist dream at all, for at least three reasons."
smart alec

"1. Bankers' don't get the fruits of the labour only from shareholders. They get them from other workers generally, in two ways described by Andrew Haldane. One is through the implicit "too big to fail" subsidy, which has been worth (pdf) tens of billions a year to banks, even though it is not entirely an out-of-pocket cost to others. The other is through risk pollution (pdf); the risk of banking crises falls upon the general public, whilst the benefits of risk-taking accrue to bankers themselves. In these two senses, bankers exploit ordinary workers - and Marx hated exploitation.
2. Insofar as bankers' do gain at shareholders' expense, it indicates that there is a distinction between formal or apparent ownership and real ownership. Shareholders appear to own banks, but bankers, in effect, really do. This opposes Marx in two ways. For one thing, in one of his few programmtic statements (in the Communist Manifesto) he called for a state monopoly of banking. And for another, one of Marx's beefs with capitalism was that it created a big distinction between essence and appearance - for example labour contracts appear as fair exchanges but in essence are not. It's reasonable to suppose that Marx would have wanted to abolish the essence-appearance dichotomy in ownership structures as he did in labour markets.
3.One of Marx's most famous slogans is, of course, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need*." This principle is obviously broken."
dumb alec

"* Whilst bankers' technical ability is questionable, their ability to extract rent is certainly considerable. "

limp wit


    Posted by Mark Thoma on Sunday, April 29, 2012 at 10:06 AM in Economics | Reddit, Tweet, Share on Facebook | Like on Facebook | Permalink Comments (40)



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    paine said in reply to Daniel Gagnon...
    gallican politics here ?/
    even francophile tommy jefferson didn't want that
    let us look to our own cultural resources
    i'd like a huey long update myself

    Will said in reply to paine...
    We can easily find better than racist, bullying thugs like Jefferson and Long. I agree that Hollande's ad would not resonate here, but it would not be difficult to craft a similar message using American icons such as Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, FDR, and Lyndon Johnson.

    paine said in reply to Will...
    nonsense
    will
    jefferson a racist thug ?
    surely u can think of a more apt
    savaging of ole jeff
    TR fits the racist thug line better
    but then dealing in anachronistic evaluations
    is a past time
    of lots of identity
    feel superior politics types eh ?

    Will said in reply to paine...
    You're right, I could think of a more apt savaging of old Jeff. You're also right that it's anachronistic to transport historical figures into the present context.
    My old prof Leon Litwack once noted that Eugene Debs used to claim that both Jefferson and Lincoln, if they were around in the 1910s, would be socialists. Litwack noted, correctly, "It was bad history. But it was good rhetoric." The same could be said for most of what Hollande says in the ad.

    paine said in reply to Will...
    excellent
    i bow to your clarity will

    paine said in reply to paine...
    take another look at huey
    THE SOCIAL LIBERALS GAVE HIM THE SAME TREATMENT AS THEY GAVE JUAN PERON LATER
    social liberals even new dealer social liberals
    couldn't stomach an old school populist
    left or right both were considered just dangerous demagogues
    huey reflected his time and place with flare and audacity
    worthy of a hick Danton
    context and accident has smothered his lamp
    under a liberal elitest pillow
    of course milo reno upton sinclair minesota governor olson were perhaps
    more endearing voices to lest loki like minds then mine

    MacroAgro said...
    I doubt that spiv has ever read Marx.

    DrDick said...
    Modern bankers are not workers, they are rentiers, which Marx despised more than capitalists, who he thought had at least some marginal utility.

    DrDick said in reply to DrDick...
    I would add that this applies to management in most or all large corporations. As Marc notes for banking, while stockholders nominally"own" the enterprise, they have no control over it, which has devolved entirely onto management. Management has used this control to engage in increasingly grotesque levels of rent extraction for nearly 40 years, at the expense of both labor and stockholders, though much more the former.

    paine said...
    a stampede of ignorance
    about the views of dear karl of trier
    read critique of the gotha plan to clear some of this up
    but of course the analytics of hi fi top dog "compensation"
    takes us into late marx on joint stock companies as
    they were called in the era before they became commonplace
    one point i like myelf
    karl considered the holders of publically raded stock as more like corporate bond holders then "owners"
    he had an easy way to figure the work compensation of an owener manager
    what that job would pay if the manager wasw hired by the owner
    the rest is return to capital
    most big outfits compensate on performance
    profits as piece work so to speak
    but the rules are made by these top dogs
    so .....
    i like the notion of an inside capitalist
    and rentier "backers" stock or bond holder
    just a choice in portfolio distribution
    of course equity holders that own shares in pools or funds
    create a second layer of capitalist insiders
    one gets boxes within boxes here
    fun but not too important
    unless you fail to see who calls te shots and thus who's "incentives" matter to the rest of us

    paine said in reply to paine...
    best line
    "Marx hated exploitation"
    the humor in that
    is as great as it is unintended
    but this
    "one of Marx's beefs with capitalism was that it created a big distinction between essence and appearance "
    is sublime
    an idiot savant at work

    Sandwichman said...
    Lost in translation.
    Here's the deal: the above is Mark quoting Chris quoting Tim quoting Joris quoting some anonymous auditor, who, in context appears to have his tongue firmly planted in cheek. He's making a little ironic jokey. Is irony dead? Or what?

    paine said in reply to Sandwichman...
    yes
    sandy its dead
    the blogborg decided to jump in
    this pool of ironic pitch blend
    and produce the daily tar baby

    Second Best said...
    From Wikipedia:
    "The Modern Corporation and Private Property is a book written by Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means published in 1932. It explores the evolution of big business through a legal and economic lens, and argues that in the modern world those who legally have ownership over companies have been separated from their control. The second, revised edition was released in 1967. It serves as a foundational text in corporate governance, corporate law (company law), and institutional economics.
    Berle and Means argued that the structure of corporate law in the United States in the 1930s enforced the separation of ownership and control because the corporate person formally owns a corporate entity even while shareholders own shares in the corporate entity and elect corporate directors who control the company's activities. Compared to the traditional notion of property, say over one's laptop or bicycle, the functioning of modern company law “has destroyed the unity that we commonly call property”. This occurred for a number of reasons, foremost being the dispersal of shareholding ownership in big corporations: the typical shareholder is uninterested in the day to day affairs of the company, yet thousands of people like him or her make up the majority of owners throughout the economy. The result is that those who are directly interested in day to day affairs, the management and the directors, have the ability to manage the resources of companies to their own advantage without effective shareholder scrutiny."

    Lyle said...
    Lets look at the several bail outs the common stockholders in each did not really get bailed out to a large extent: Bear they got like 10% of the pre crisis price, Lehman 0 Citi is now less that 8% of is peak price, and BofA is back to 18% or so. Yes the execs got bailed out in some cases, or at least were helped into a lifeboat. It is the bondholders in each case that were bailed out. I think we needed more WaMu's where the bank was taken out from under the holding company and the holding company went into chapter 11. This cost those who were foolish enough to loan money to the holding company a problem (and led to the run on the Money Market Funds)

    Eric377 said in reply to Lyle...
    Ten percent of Bear was a very large bailout. The original deal was 2%, which was about 100% too high.

    Mark A. Sadowski said...
    "From each inversely proportional to his talent for shirking responsibility, to each according to his ability to extract rents" - The External Auditor

    Will said...
    I'll try to put it as concisely as possible. "In a way" does A LOT of heavy lifting in that quotation.

    John said...
    "3.One of Marx's most famous slogans is, of course, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need*." This principle is obviously broken."
    This is not Marx's slogan. He is quoted as saying it in a statement about how it was impractical and should not be adopted.

    anne said in reply to John...
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_need
    From each according to his ability, to each according to his need (or needs) is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Program. In German, "Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen!". In the Marxist view, such an arrangement will be made possible by the abundance of goods and services that a developed communist society will produce; the idea is that there will be enough to satisfy everyone's needs.

    anne said in reply to John...
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_need
    The complete paragraph containing Marx's statement of the creed in the 'Critique of the Gotha Program' is as follows:
    In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labor, and therewith also the antithesis between mental and physical labor, has vanished; after labor has become not only a means of life but life's prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all-around development of the individual, and all the springs of co-operative wealth flow more abundantly—only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs!
    Although Marx is popularly thought of as the originator of the phrase, the slogan was common to the socialist movement and was first used by Louis Blanc in 1839, in "The organization of work."

    anne said in reply to John...
    This is not Marx's slogan. He is quoted as saying it in a statement about how it was impractical and should not be adopted.
    [Do explain further.]

    paine said in reply to anne...
    read critique of the gotha plan
    there he considers the slogan
    "to each according to his work"
    the appropriate slogan for the socialist stage as vaguely defined at the time

    "In a way bankers are Marx's dream, it's the workers getting the fruits of their labors."
    There is so much wrong with that sentence (grammar not the least of it; are there no editors at the Guardian?!)
    And in what scenario would Marx ever have considered bankers to represent his "dream" scenario of "workers getting the fruits of their labors?" They are elites squeezing the proletariat dry (what with their subsidized business model, their desire to profit two ways on a deal, and their fees that make banking a lose-lose proposition for banking customers.)
    "One of Marx's most famous slogans is, of course, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need*." This principle is obviously broken."
    When, just when, was this principle working like a charm?
    Seems the Chicago Tribune's obituary for facts has come at a very timely moment in history... http://bit.ly/IiIArW

    Mark Harris said...
    Cripes, I thought you were too intelligent to fall into that trap of 'from each according to his abilities...' Read the Critique of the Gotha Program (Marx), and place it in context. The slogan was Ferdinand Lasalle's and criticized by Marx.

    anne said in reply to Mark Harris...
    The slogan was Ferdinand Lasalle's and criticized by Marx.
    [Do explain further.]


    anne said in reply to Will...
    http://www.angrybearblog.com/2009/07/karl-marx-arthur-laffer-and-st-peter.html
    July 15, 2009
    The Critique of the Golgotha Program
    By Robert Waldmann
    on Karl Marx, Arthur Laffer and Simon Peter.
    Which one here is not like the others, because he was a lunatic extremist egalitarian not an ambitious sophist ?
    Marx famously declared "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." This is quite probably the grossest distortion of a quote by removal of context in human history. The words are (a translation from German) of two prepositional phrases from a sentence from The Critique of the Gotha program (the absence of a verb is a hint that maybe some relevant context may have been removed). The grossest possible distortion based on removal of context is removal of the word "not" and, lo and behold, it appears in the (English translation of the sentence)....

    paine said in reply to anne...
    typ[ical sardonics out of harvard yard cultivated know it all
    why not simply state his prefered slogan
    "to each according to his work "

    tooning old karl of course goes down well in dignified circles here in amerika
    on the continent they have long since erected
    a carved out of soap version that retains the likeness without the substance
    the passage in its entirety is quite grand :
    "What we have to deal with here is a communist society, not as it has developed on its own foundations, but, on the contrary, just as it emerges from capitalist society; which is thus in every respect, economically, morally, and intellectually, still stamped with the birthmarks of the old society from whose womb it emerges. Accordingly, the individual producer receives back from society -- after the deductions have been made -- exactly what he gives to it. What he has given to it is his individual quantum of labor. For example, the social working day consists of the sum of the individual hours of work; the individual labor time of the individual producer is the part of the social working day contributed by him, his share in it. He receives a certificate from society that he has furnished such-and-such an amount of labor (after deducting his labor for the common funds); and with this certificate, he draws from the social stock of means of consumption as much as the same amount of labor cost. The same amount of labor which he has given to society in one form, he receives back in another.
    Here, obviously, the same principle prevails as that which regulates the exchange of commodities, as far as this is exchange of equal values. Content and form are changed, because under the altered circumstances no one can give anything except his labor, and because, on the other hand, nothing can pass to the ownership of individuals, except individual means of consumption. But as far as the distribution of the latter among the individual producers is concerned, the same principle prevails as in the exchange of commodity equivalents: a given amount of labor in one form is exchanged for an equal amount of labor in another form.
    Hence, equal right here is still in principle -- bourgeois right, although principle and practice are no longer at loggerheads, while the exchange of equivalents in commodity exchange exists only on the average and not in the individual case.
    In spite of this advance, this equal right is still constantly stigmatized by a bourgeois limitation. The right of the producers is proportional to the labor they supply; the equality consists in the fact that measurement is made with an equal standard, labor.
    But one man is superior to another physically, or mentally, and supplies more labor in the same time, or can labor for a longer time; and labor, to serve as a measure, must be defined by its duration or intensity, otherwise it ceases to be a standard of measurement. This equal right is an unequal right for unequal labor. It recognizes no class differences, because everyone is only a worker like everyone else; but it tacitly recognizes unequal individual endowment, and thus productive capacity, as a natural privilege. It is, therefore, a right of inequality, in its content, like every right. Right, by its very nature, can consist only in the application of an equal standard; but unequal individuals (and they would not be different individuals if they were not unequal) are measurable only by an equal standard insofar as they are brought under an equal point of view, are taken from one definite side only -- for instance, in the present case, are regarded only as workers and nothing more is seen in them, everything else being ignored. Further, one worker is married, another is not; one has more children than another, and so on and so forth. Thus, with an equal performance of labor, and hence an equal in the social consumption fund, one will in fact receive more than another, one will be richer than another, and so on. To avoid all these defects, right, instead of being equal, would have to be unequal.
    But these defects are inevitable in the first phase of communist society as it is when it has just emerged after prolonged birth pangs from capitalist society. Right can never be higher than the economic structure of society and its cultural development conditioned thereby.
    In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labor, and therewith also the antithesis between mental and physical labor, has vanished; after labor has become not only a means of life but life's prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all-around development of the individual, and all the springs of co-operative wealth flow more abundantly -- only then then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs "

    anne said in reply to paine...
    typical sardonics out of Harvard yard cultivated know it all
    why not simply state his preferred slogan
    "to each according to his work"
    [ Good grief, I really do get the sardonics and the pomposity but the garbling is now and then too confusing to see through and I would not have seen through this garble. I get it now:
    "to each according to his work" ]

    anne said in reply to paine...
    why not simply state his preferred slogan
    "to each according to his work"
    [This is elegant.]

    anne said in reply to Will...
    Interesting, a faulty translation worth thinking about carefully.

    John Cummings said...
    This may not surprise some people, but Lehman is trading derivatives again............

    Jim said...
    Mr. Cummings
    have you given a warning or a recommendation?

    KJ said...
    This is actually a topic I think about a lot (I am a corporate lawyer - come -academic) so -- bear with me....
    In very technical and narrow sense, the way banks function internally, and how profits are distributed, is pro-worker (or pro-certain kind of worker -- I'm sure the janitors and secretaries aren't getting bonuses)
    The problem, though, is the function that banks have in the wider economy. They are intermediaries, finding capital for companies and from companies that do NOT have egalitarian/marxist etc means of distributing profits. So they are enablers. Their business *is* capital, not making things and providing services. In a sense, all the workers in banks are "capitalists," agents that help "real" capitalists re-invest their capital, i.e., surplus labor value.
    It's a unique case. Not all corporations are alike.
    Re: the separation of ownership and control (famously attributed to Berle and Means) - love the quote! I love when I see those names outside of a law school context.
    Their point about public shareholders (you and I and anyone else lucky enough to have a 401k or a pension fund) identifies the perversity of the system. If we let CEOs run the show, chances are they will run away with exorbitant rents. But, if we let shareholders run the show -- they will demand actions that tend to raise stock prices. Stock buybacks, plant shutdowns, cutting benefits, etc. Which are equally bad on workers as are excessive executive salaries. In fact, many blame the current CEO largesse on mechanisms that are meant to align CEO and shareholder interests, i.e., stock options and the like. CEOs make money when shareholders do.
    Eliminating the separation of ownership and control, then, just brings us back to the same old problem.
    So what to do? If you have a pension fund, when was the last time you asked your fund manager how she was using the fund's considerable financial leverage to make the world (and the companies in which she invests) better for workers?

    Sasha said...
    Isn't there an equivalent of Godwin's law for Marx/Communism? If not, then I hereby proclaim one, to be known henceforth as "Sasha's Law".
    Once this brilliant insight becomes widely appreciated, there will no doubt be portraits of Karl everywhere on Wall Street.

    SomeCallMeTim said...
    Fred Schwed is much lower-falutin' than Karl Marx, but also easier to grasp.
    "Where are the customers' yachts?" provides my moment of zen.

    Robert Waldmann said...
    Marx was quite firm on the point that the capitalists of a joint stock company were the shareholders not the managers. He would't be pleased by modern banking, but he definitely did not anticipate any such thing.
    the full quote from the critique of the Gotha program is IIRC "It is not until work ceases to be a burden on life and becomes its chief aim and pleasure that we can inscribe upon our banner "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.". He argued that the slogan, which was not practical back then or now, was implied by the Gotha program (which said workers should have equal wages). But he was being unfair, the Lassalian's did not advocate the extreme policy described by Marx in the slogan. That would be the policy of Simon Peter as described in The Acts of the Apostles.
    Peter not Karl thought it would work.

    anne said in reply to Robert Waldmann...
    Nicely clarifying, and I have read your post and the entire passage several times now since the matter you presented is new and surprising to me relative to the stereotypical recitation.

    paine said in reply to anne...
    anne
    why praise this display
    if he bothered to read prior coments
    i guess he hasn't the time
    by the way
    he might consider
    his sense of karls long range forward view here more carefully
    he's wrong
    and he's wrong about the manager stock holder split
    and he misses the point of marx critique
    of the sloppy mal formed programatics
    of izzy's living acolytes
    i won't bothher to correct him this time
    because he only writes here to satisfy a show off streak
    then dash off like zorro
    well
    this time zorro road off facing backwards and riding a jack ass
    such are the wages of trying to lightly flip the moor
    one may not know when one got himself flipped instead

    paine said in reply to paine...
    waldmann is a very bright guy
    i enjoy is interventions very much
    but he is neither as bright or as widely accomplished
    as his wizard's shop display case tries to suggest